Ebook Mikrobiologi Pangan

<p>SANITATION ON FOODSERVICE</p><p>OBJECTIVES1. To categorized the virus group based on their characteristics, shape, size and habitat 2. Explain how the virus reproduction can cause disease to human and animals. 3. Explain the control measures of viral growth in the food industry</p><p>INTRODUCTION Virus or virion is in latin word mean poison. It Is one of the causes of certain diseases of plants, animals and humans.</p><p>WHAT IS VIRUS? The smallest and simplest microorganism Also known asultramicroscopic because of its small size 0.01-0.5 Qm Only can be seen through electron microscopic.</p><p>SPHEREVirus influenza</p><p>SHAPE OF VIRUS</p><p>RODVirus mozek tembakau</p><p>PHAGEBakteriofaj-HIV, down syndrome</p><p>AIR</p><p>SOIL</p><p>VIRUS HABITAT</p><p>BACTERIA</p><p>OTHER ORGANISM</p><p> Parasit parasit life and growths depends on the living host</p><p>Food and virus Use food as carrier the disease and will spread it after entering the host. The best way to prevent virus growth is by washing hand with correct technique. Ex virusHepatisis A Virus, Norwalk Virus, Rotavirus.</p><p>VIRUS NATURE Virus act differently on heat and cold temperature Less active at 65C for - 1 hour Also less active at temperature 72C. Destroy at boil temperature (100 C)</p><p>DISEASE CAUSE BY VIRUSHost Plant Disease Tobacco mosaic Tomato mosaic Cocoa root disease Rabies (mad dog disease) Foot and mouth disease in cattle Polio Influenza Chicken Pox Rubella H1N1 H5N1</p><p>Animals</p><p>Human</p><p>&gt;polio</p><p>PROSES KITAR HIDUP VIRUS</p><p>ATTACHMENT</p><p>ENTRY RELEASE</p><p>ASSEMBLY</p><p>REPLICATION</p><p>The Lytic Cycle</p><p>ATTACHMENT Virus attaches to the host cell. Lysosome enzyme will be released to dissolve and breakdown bacterial cell wall to make a hole. Then bacteria wil bacterial cell wall. . ENTRY Virus injects genetic material into host cells. In the outside only capsid (coat protein) are left.</p><p>REPLICATION So, the bacterial DNA will be destroyed by phage DNA, then it will take over the bacterial cell metabolism. Through the process of replication and protein synthesis, hundreds of viruses can be produced in minutes.</p><p>ASSEMBLY New viral protein and genetic material made and assembled</p><p>RELEASE The virus will produce enzymes lysosome again, to breakdown the cell walls of bacteria. Host cell bursts and virus is released.The same process will be repeated again.</p><p>PELEKATAN PENEMBUSAN</p><p>PEREPLIKAAN PEMBEBASAN</p><p>PEMASANGAN</p><p>FOOD CONTAMINATION BY VIRUS</p><p>PRIMARY CONTAMINATION</p><p>SECONDARY CONTAMINATION</p><p>Primary contamination Virus food Meat from cow with cow mad disease</p><p> Flushing water with contaminated virus The flushing water is contaminated because of the fish and the seafood is contaminated with virus</p><p>Secondary contamination Virus that originated from other source E.g- cereal and meat Spread through Insects - from patient to food/toilet -Wastewater Caused by carrier or food handler.</p><p>Virus spreading Spread through various ways: Plant- insects suck honey(aphids) Insects suck blood(mosquito) Influenza-coughing&amp;sneezing (H1N1) Norovirus- hand,water, food HIV- sexual intimate &amp; blood transfer</p><p>Virus spreading waysVirus attack blood lymphocyte.(white blood cell)</p><p>Antibody cant be produced because of lymphocyte were destroyed</p><p>Patient will be easier attack by various disease</p><p>Precaution to prevent virus attack1. Avoid sharing personal things with other person such as towel, pants, clothing and etc. 2. Avoid sexual relationship before marriage. 3. Avoid drugs</p><p>H1N1-how to avoid Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw the tissue in the trash after you use it. Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after you cough or sneeze. Alcohol-based hand cleaners are also effective. Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Germs spread this way. Try to avoid close contact with sick people.</p><p>H1N1-how to avoid Stay home if you are sick for 7 days after your symptoms begin or until you have been symptomfree for 24 hours, whichever is longer. This is to keep from infecting others and spreading the virus further.</p><p>H1N1-symptom In children, emergency warning signs that need urgent medical attention include: Fast breathing or trouble breathing Bluish or gray skin color Not drinking enough fluids Severe or persistent vomiting Not waking up or not interacting Being so irritable that the child does not want to be held Flu-like symptoms improve but then return with fever and worse cough</p><p>In adults, emergency warning signs that need urgent medical attention include: Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath Pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen Sudden dizziness Confusion Severe or persistent vomiting Flu-like symptoms improve but then return with fever and worse cough</p><p>Kaedah rawatan H1N1 Antiviral drug-dadah (ubat) yg membantu mengurangkan influenza, cepat sembuh, elakkan influenza semakin serius) Vaksin-belum ada buat masa skrg (paling berkesan menghapus virus) Tindakan vaksin-The immune system recognizes vaccine agents as foreign, destroys them, and 'remembers' them. When the virulent version of an agent comes along the body recognizes the protein coat on the virus,</p><p>KAEDAH KAWALAN PEMELIHARAAN MAKANAN1. 2. 3. Suhu tinggi - Pempasteuran dan pensterilan Suhu rendah suhu bilik sejuk beku Pembotolan dan pengetinan - pensterilan</p><p>4. 5.</p><p>6.</p><p>Pengeringan (dehydration) - Freezedrying/Accelerated freeze-drying Rawatan bahan kimia (chemical treatment) -garam, gula, cuka, asap, bahan pengawet dan anti oksida Irradiasi (irradiation) - sinaran X</p><p>SEKIANTERIMA KASIH KERANA MEMBERI PERHATIAN</p>